Greece
TNCs constitute 6.8% of the total population. Many of them are concentrated in large cities, mainly Athens and Thessaloniki. There are no official data on minorities, but they are estimated between 300 to 500 thousand persons. Student population is increasingly diverse, particularly at primary and secondary level. The fee for one year residence permit is 150€, for Long-term residence permit 600€, for Indefinite duration 900€, and for naturalisation 700€.
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Migration & Minority Demographics/Statistics
Migrants constitute around 7% of the general population, much of which is concentrated in the metropolitan area of the capital city. There is no official data on minorities, but according to estimates Muslims of Western Thrace are between 80-120 thousand, while Roma oscillate between 200-350 thousand.
Although asylum seekers are numerous, among whom many minors, asylum grant rates are extremely low. Migrant children consitute an important part of student population.
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General Population
11,260,402
Number 11260402 % of EU 2Qualitative Info
according to Eurostat figures. The last Census (May 2011) has only provided temporary results.
External Url http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_pjan&lang=en
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Migrant Population (official/estimates)
Total foreign population was in 2009, 929.530 persons, of whom Third-country nationals were 767.919.
Number 767919 % of general population 6.8 Official or estimates According to EUROSTAT 2010 Demographic report Main groups Albanians, Former Soviet Union, PakistanisGroups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/population/documents/Tab/report.pdf
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Valid Residence permits
On 1st December 2011, the total number of valid residence permit was 447.658
Number(s) 447658 Main groups Albanians, Former Soviet Union, Pakistanis, Egyptians, IndiansQualitative Info
The evolution of the number of valid residence permits is shown in tha table below:
YEAR
NUMBER OF ISSUED RESIDENCE PERMITS (SEASONAL NOT INCLUDED) 1/12/2004
380.692
01/12/2005
432.030
01/12/2006
540.839
01/12/2007
585.585
01/12/2008
589.796
01/12/2009
602.797
01/12/2010
553.916
01/12/2011
447.658
Source: Ministry of Interior
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
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Capital city's general population
3.812.330
Number 3812330 % of country 35.3Qualitative Info
According to the preliminary results of the 2011 Census, the region of Attica (that includes the extended Athenian conurbation) counts 3.812.330 inhabitants.
External Url http://www.tovima.gr/files/1/2011/07/22/apografh22.pdf
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Capital city's migrant/refugee population
There is official reliable data on migrant population only from the 2001 Census. Data from the 2011 Census regarding foreign population is still expected.
In 2001, 376.732 in a total of 3.761.810 inhabitants (10.01%).
Number 376732 % of general population 10.01 Official or estimates official Main groups Albanians, Former Soviet Union, Pakistanis.Qualitative Info
In the Region of Attica, the extended metropolitan area of Athens, foreign population was counting in 2001, 376.732 in a total of 3.761.810 inhabitants (10.01%).
In the Prefecture of Athens, comprised by 48 municipalities, foreigners were 274.882 in a total population of 2.805.262 (9.80%).
In the municipality of Athens, foreigners were 137.505 in a total of 789.166 (17.42%)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
External Url http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE
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Refugees/asylum seekers yearly inflow
10273
Number 10273 Main groups Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bangladesh, Syrian Arabic RepublicQualitative Info
According to the UNHCR, Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries. Statistical overview of asylum applications lodged in Europe and selected non-European countries, First Half 2011, the inflow of asylum seekers in Greece has been developed from 2009 to the first half of 2011, as follows:
Quarterly asylum applications lodged in Greece (2009-2011)
2009 2010 2011 First semester change '11-'10 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 '10-'09 '11-'10 '11-'09 Q3Q4/Q1Q2 4,718 5,059 3,166 2,985 2,194 2,507 3,186 2,386 2,529 1,953 -52% -5% -54% -20% Groups affected/interested
- Asylum seekers
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Quotas for admission/entry for employment
No general quotas are foreseen. There is a procedure of invitation of foreign workers (metaklisi), where quotas are foreseen.
Number 24071 % of general workforce 0.6 Official or estimates Official Main groups/skills Agricutlure, domesti workQualitative Info
According to migration legislation admission is regulated on the basis of the needs of labour market:
"The task of the Committee [constituted at the seat of each Region] shall be to prepare a report within the last quarter of each year, which shall indicate the existing needs in work force at the Region and the job vacancies by speciality, prefecture and length of employment, which may be covered by thirdcountry nationals. The preparation of the report must take into consideration the criteria laid down by the joint ministerial decision referred to in paragraph 5 and the interests of national economy. This report shall be forwarded to the Ministry of Employment and Social Protection, which shall expedite the delivery of the joint ministerial decision referred to in the next paragraph. This report shall also be forwarded to the Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation. The decision referred to in the first sentence shall appoint the rapporteurs and the secretary of the Committee, who shall be officers of the Directorate for Aliens and Migration of the Region.
4. On the basis of the report referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Ministers of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation, of Foreign Affairs and of Employment and Social Protection shall determine by decision the maximum number of residence permits for employment to be issued each year to third-country nationals by prefecture, nationality, type and length of employment, as well as any other necessary detail. This decision shall be forwarded to the relevant Regions, the OAED, the competent Ministries and to the relevant Greek consular authorities."Quotas are foreseen and implemented in the case of metaklisis, where according to Article 14, Law 3386/2005 as amended by Article 5 of law 3536/2007, for jobs that cannot be covered by nationals or documented migrants already in the country (based mainly on evidence of labour shortage by the Greek Workforce Employment Organisation-OAED) at the end of each year a special committee established within the limits of the 13 Prefectures draws up an analytical report with accurate job descriptions and qualifications and sets the maximum number of residence permits for dependent work, e.g. for the year 2011 this number was set at 24.071 for the whole of the country.
Source: Law 3389/2005 as amended by Law 3536/2007, art. 14, par. 4-5. (underlined by the author)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Employment - labour market
External Url http://www.synigoros.gr/allodapoi/pdfs_01/8425_1_Law_Codification_english.pdf
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Overall Settled Minorities' Population
Censuses do not provide specific information on minorities.
Official or estimates Estimates Main groups Roma, MuslimsQualitative Info
Romani population: According to estimates, the number of Roma in Greece variate from 200.000 (Greek government) to 300-350.000 (International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights Monitor for Greece).
Muslim minority in western Thrace comprised of ethnic Turks, Pomaks and Muslim Roma: it is estimated between 80.000 to 120.000
The Macedonian minority is not recognised by the State, therefore there is no relevant official data available.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
- Muslims
- Ethnic minorities
- Religious minorities
- Linguistic minorities
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Roma & Travellers' population
No official data available for Roma population.
Official or estimates EstimatesQualitative Info
According to estimates, the number of Roma in Greece variate from 200.000 (Greek government) to 300-350.000 (International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights Monitor for Greece).
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
External Url http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/roma_report.pdf
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Muslims
No official data available on Muslim population.
Official or estimates EstimatesQualitative Info
Muslims in Western Thrace, the only officially recognised by the Greek state minority, are estimated between 80.000 to 120.000
Estimates for the number of Muslim migrants vary significantly. According to the portal Islam in Greece of the Arts & Humanities Research Council of the University of Surrey, "finding a correct estimation of the Muslim population in national statistics is often problematic and presents methodological constraints. However, the limited and marginally reliable Census data (NSSG 2001) count them at about 7-8% of all foreign nationals. In addition, the last few years have witnessed sharp increases in the number of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers, coming in their majority from Muslim countries."
Groups affected/interested
- Muslims
External Url http://www.fahs.surrey.ac.uk/islamingreece/index.htm
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Asylum status granted
20 in the 2nd quarter of 2011.
Number 20 % on applications examined 0.83 Main groups Afghanis, Iraquis, SomalisQualitative Info
In the 2nd quarter of 2011, in a total of 2400 first instance decisions, 2345 applications were rejected; from the 55 postive decisions, 20 granted refugee status, 20 subsidiary protection and 15 humanitarian status.
Source: Eurostat
Groups affected/interested
- Refugees
- Asylum seekers
External Url http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-011/EN/KS-SF-12-011-EN.PDF
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Subsidiary protection status granted
In the 2nd quarter of 2011, in a total of 2400 first instance decisions, 2345 applications were rejected; from the 55 postive decisions, 20 granted refugee status, 20 subsidiary protection and 15 humanitarian status.
Number 20 % on applications examined 0.83 Main groups Afghanis, Iraquis, SomalisQualitative Info
In the 2nd quarter of 2011, in a total of 2400 first instance decisions, 2345 applications were rejected; from the 55 postive decisions, 20 granted refugee status, 20 subsidiary protection and 15 humanitarian status.
Source: Eurostat
Groups affected/interested
- Asylum seekers
External Url http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-011/EN/KS-SF-12-011-EN.PDF
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Unaccompanied minors inflow
There is no specific official data available.
Main groups Afghans, Pakistanis, IraquisQualitative Info
According to estimates coming either from Greek costguards or the UNHCR, in 2009 unaccompanied minors were estimated between 2648 and 6000 persons.
Source: France terre d’asile (coord.), Consiglio Italiano per i Rifugiati & Institute for Rights, Equality and Diversity, Improving the reception and care of unaccompanied children within the European Union by harmonising member States’ legislation, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship programme, 2010.
From 1955 asylum applicants in the 2nd quarter 2011, 5.4% were minors.
Source: Eurostat
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Asylum seekers
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Trafficking victims identified/protected
The most recent available data concern 2008 and 2009. In 2009, 125 victims were identified.
Number 125 Main groups Romanians, Bulgarians, RussiansQualitative Info
In 2008, officials identified 76 victims of human trafficking. In 2009, 125 victims were identified. However, according to the US State Department, non-governmental and international organisations reported assisting at least 657 victims in 2008.
The numbers of residence permits granted for victims of human trafficking who cooperated with the competent authorities were 23 for 2008 and 13 for 2009.
During 2008, IOM Athens provided services to 60 victims, of whom 20 returned to their countries of origin. Forty victims have been helped by NGOs, police anti-trafficking units and embassies in terms of finding accommodation or providing information about reintegration schemes.
Source: European Commission
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/showNIPsection.action?country=Greece#A3
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Primary education population of foreign pupils
Elaboration from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.). 73784 pupils in 2008-2009.
Number 73784 % of general school population 11.60 Main groups Albanians, Former Soviet UnionQualitative Info
There is official data provided by the Institute for the Greek Diaspora Education and Intercultural Studies (IPODE), for the years 2002-2006.
The most recent data concern the year 2008-2009 and is provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Secondary education population of foreign pupils
Elaboration from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.). In 2007-2008 65780 foreign students.
Qualitative Info
The Institute for the Education of Greek Diaspora and Intercultural Studies (IPODE) provide data for the years 2002-2006.
The most recent data provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.) concern the year 2007-2008.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Tertiary education migrant background population
No statistical data available
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
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Total of pupils of migrants parents/background in schools (automatically or by hand if no data on previous lines)
Elaboration from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (EL.STAT.). In the year 2007-2008, 136374 foreign students.
Number 136374 % of general school population 11.99 Main groups Albanians, Eastern Europe, Former Soviet UnionQualitative Info
The most recent official statistical data concern for primary education the year 2008-2009 and for secondary education the year 2007-2008; therefore, in order to have comparable numbers, we take as year of reference the year 2007-2008.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
External Url http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/PAGE-themes?p_param=A1401
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Primary education population of pupils with Roma parents
No official statistical data available.
Qualitative Info
According to the NFP report, existing data concerning Roma enrolment in Greece in the past years have not been reliable: Roma pupils are not recorded systematically in school registers, while some schools have reported that Roma enrol simply in order to collect an annual education benefit, but do not actually attend classes. A 1998 - 1999 survey42 showed that 69.7 per cent of the sample aged 18 - 47 had never attended school, while only 10 per cent completed primary education, 2.1 per cent compulsory education and 0.9 per cent higher secondary education; 42.6 per cent of parents stated that their children attend school, but none in secondary education. Among the reasons given for not attending school 29.7 per cent suggested the racist behaviour of teachers, pupils and their parents.
Source: EUMC (2006), Roma and Travellers in Public Education: An overview of the situation in the EU Member States.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
External Url http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/roma_report.pdf
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Secondary education population of pupils with Roma parents
No statistical data available.
Qualitative Info
According to the NFP report, existing data concerning Roma enrolment in Greece in the past years have not been reliable: Roma pupils are not recorded systematically in school registers, while some schools have reported that Roma enrol simply in order to collect an annual education benefit, but do not actually attend classes. A 1998 - 1999 survey showed that 69.7 per cent of the sample aged 18 - 47 had never attended school, while only 10 per cent completed primary education, 2.1 per cent compulsory education and 0.9 per cent higher secondary education; 42.6 per cent of parents stated that their children attend school, but none in secondary education. Among the reasons given for not attending school 29.7 per cent suggested the racist behaviour of teachers, pupils and their parents.
Source: EUMC (2006), Roma and Travellers in Public Education: An overview of the situation in the EU Member States.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
External Url http://fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/roma_report.pdf
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Tertiary education Roma minority population
No data available.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Total of pupils of Roma parents in schools
No data available.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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General Population
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Migration & Minority Economics
18.570.946,55€ were planned to be allocated through the European Refugee Fund for the year 2010; 4.319.607,62€ through European Integration Fund for the year 2011; 9.963.796,55€ through the European Return Fund for the year 2009. The per year fee for residence permit is 150€, for long-term residence permit is 600€; for naturalisation 700€, while for migrant children born in Greece or have attended six years of Greek school, 100€.
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European Refugee Fund yearly allocation
18.570.946,55€ for 2010.
. 18570946.55Qualitative Info
For 2010 the total allocated amount was 18.570.946,55€, of which 14.632.783,63€ was covered by EU contribution and 3.938.162,92€ by Public allocation.
Groups affected/interested
- Refugees
- Asylum seekers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
- Employment - labour market
- Housing
- Health and social protection
- Education
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European Integration Fund yearly allocation
4.319.607,62 €
. 4319607.62Qualitative Info
The total allocation for the Annual Programme 2011 is 4.319.607,62 €, of which 3.280.005,77 € is covered by EU contribution and 1.039.601,85 € by Public allocation.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Employment - labour market
- Health and social protection
- Education
- Culture
- Integration - social cohesion
External Url http://ete.ypes.gr/polietes.html
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European Return Fund yearly allocation
9.963.796,55 Euros
. 9963796.55Qualitative Info
For the Annual Programme 2009 the total allocation was 9.963.796,55 Euros, of which 7.497.847,41 Euros was covered by EU contribution and 2.465.949,14 Euros Public allocation.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Asylum seekers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
External Url http://www.astynomia.gr/images/stories/2009/DIAFOR09/091209COMM_NATIVE_AP%202009.pdf
See other countriesSee indicator history - Cost/fees for 1 year residence/work permit
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Cost/fees for Long term / permanent Residence permit
600 Euros for the Long-term residence permit and 900 Euros for the Indefinite duration permit.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
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Cost/fees for Citizenship acquisition application
700 Euros
Qualitative Info
700 Euros for the naturalisation of an adult person; in order to re-apply, 200 Euros; for ethnic-Greeks, citizens of EU memner-states, recognised political refugees and stateless 100 Euros.
For children of foreign citizens who are born in Greece or have attended six years of Greek school, 100 Euros.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
External Url http://www.ypes.gr/UserFiles/24e0c302-6021-4a6b-b7e4-8259e281e5f3/N_3838_1.pdf
See other countriesSee indicator history
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European Refugee Fund yearly allocation