Romania
There is no data on migration economics, the number of migrants coming to Romania being small. A 2010 released World Bank report on the economic opportunity Roma inclusion would represent for Easter-European countries estimated economic benefits of Roma inclusion in Romania at between 887- 2980 million euro and fiscal benefits at between 202-675 million euro, looking at lowest and highest population estimates.
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Migration & Minority Demographics/Statistics
Migration to Romania is very low, as compared to other EU countries. According to the latest data, officially registered third country nationals make for about 0.3 of the population. Also, according to the provisional results of the Census, around 11 per cent of the population is made of national minorities (20 national minorities), the biggest ones being the Hungarian (6.5%) and the Roma minorities (3.2%) – with under-declaration of ethnicity for the Roma.
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General Population
According to the 2002 official census, the general population of Romania amounted to 21,680,974 persons. [1] Provisional results of the 2011 census show that the stable population of Romania on October 20th was of 19,042,936 persons. [2]
Qualitative Info
The Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing centralized the information on the number of stable population and housing at national level and issued a press release on February 2nd, 2012, about the results of the 2011 census. The results obtained and processed to this stage are provisional and may change during subsequent stages of processing individual data from the registration forms of people in households and housing. [2]
Source:
[1] National Institute of Statistics: http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol1/tabele/t01.pdf, page 1 (Accessed on 06.02.2012.)
[2] National Institute of Statistics, Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing, Press Release: http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011_.pdf (Accessed on 06.02.2012.)
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Migrant Population (official/estimates)
On 13 February 2012, official data registered 97395 foreign citizens legally residing in Romania, out of which 57211 are third country nationals.
Qualitative Info
The Department on Migration (Direcţia Migraţie) of the Romanian Bureau for Immigation (Oficiului Român pentru Imigrări) handles the situation of all foreign citizens living in Romania. When refering to their work, the Department on Migration differentiates between EU/EEA citizens and third country nationals.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Type (R/D)
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
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Valid Residence permits
51764 short term permits
10405 long term permits
at the end of 2011
Qualitative Info
In 2011, the Romanian Bureau of Immigration reported in the analysis of its activity for 2011, that it solved 5590 requests of short term visas and 7507 requests of long term visas. According to the Bureau's response No.2474176 of 08.03.2012 to a public information request from the NGO Center for Legal Resources, in 2011, in total, 9925 valid residence permits were issued for foreigners who had not received another valid residence permit in the previous 6 months. Also, by the end of 2011, the Bureau reported 51764 valid short term residence permits and 10405 valid long term residence permits.
Sources:
1. Romanian Immigration Office, Press release, 13.02.2012, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/comunicate/citeste/ro/347/Analiza-activitii-desfurate-de-Oficiul-Romn-pentru-Imigrri-n-anul-2011 (Accessed on 13.03.2012)
2. Romanian Immigration Office Address No 2474176/08.03.2012 to the Centre for Legal Resources (on file with the expert)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
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Capital city's general population
According to official data from the 2002 census, the number of inhabitants of the capital city amounted to 1,926,334 persons out of the total population of 21,680,974 persons. [1] Provisional results of the 2011 census show that, out of the total polulation of 19,042,936 persons, the stable population of Bucharest on October 20th was of 1,677,985 persons. [2]
Qualitative Info
The Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing centralized the information on the number of stable population and housing at national level and issued a press release about the results of the 2011 census on February 2nd, 2012. The results obtained and processed to this stage are provisional and may change during subsequent stages of processing individual data from the registration forms of people in households and housing. [2]
Source:
[1] National Institute of Statistics: http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol4/tabele/t1.pdf, page 13 (Accessed on 19.02.2012.)
[2] National Institute of Statistics, Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing, Press Release: http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011_.pdf (Accessed on 19.02.2012.)
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Capital city's migrant/refugee population
559 persons with a form of protection with declared residence in Bucharest
20,649 foreigners with a legal stay at the end of 2011
Qualitative Info
According to a report of the Romanian Office for Immigration, in 2009, almost three quarters of the foreigners with a form of protection lived in Bucharest, the capital city.
Accoding to Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 of the Romanian Office for Immigration to the Centre for Legal Resources the total number of benneficiaries with declared residence in Bucharest is of 559 and the total number of foreigners with a legal stay in Bucharest at the end of 2011 was 20649 (35 per cent of the total of foreigners with a legal stay in Romania)
Source:
Romanian Office for Immigration, Report on the situation of foreigners with a form of protection in Romania, 2009, p.4, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Asistenta-si-integrare/111 (Accessed on 13.03.2012)
Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 of the Romanian Office for Immigration to the Centre for Legal Resources
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
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Refugees/asylum seekers yearly inflow
1720 foreigners have been granted access to the procedure.
Qualitative Info
According to a press release of the Romanian Immigration Office, in 2011, a number of 1720 foreigners were granted access to the asylum procedure (mainly from: Alegria, Tunisia, Morocco, Pakistan, Afghanistan). [1]
Source:
Romanian Immigration Office, Press release, 13.02.2012, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/comunicate/citeste/ro/347/Analiza-activitii-desfurate-de-Oficiul-Romn-pentru-Imigrri-n-anul-2011 (Accessed on 13.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Asylum seekers
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Quotas for admission/entry for employment
5500 for 2011
Number 5500Qualitative Info
Through Government Decision 1345/2010, the Romanian Government established a quota of 5,500 work authorizations for foreigners for 2011, with 2,500 less than for 2010.
Source:
Romanian Office for Immigration, Analiza cu privire la eliberarea autorizatiilor de munca in anul 2010 (Analysis on the release of work authorizations for the year 2010), 2011, p. 16, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfiles/am%20-%20final.pdf (Date of access: 13.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Employment - labour market
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Overall Settled Minorities' Population
11 per cent of the total
% of country population 11Qualitative Info
According to provisional results of the 2011 census, the proportion of the population which has not declared to be of Romanian ethnicity is of around 11 per cent (88.6% are Romanian and 0.3% did not declare their ethnicity )
The most numerous minorities, in rounded figures are:
Hungarian: 1,238,000 (6.5%)
Roma: 619,000 (3.2%)
Ukrainians: 51,700
Germans: 36,900
Turks: 28,200
Russian-Lippovans: 23,900
Tartars: 20,500
The rest are under 20,000.
Source:
Cristian Andrei, RECENSAMANTUL POPULATIEI, PRIMELE REZULTATE. Cati romani sunt, cati etnici maghiari si cat de mare este minoritatea roma (THE POPULATION CENSUS, FIRST RESULTS. How many Romanians are there, how many Hungarian ethnics and how big is the Roma minority.), in Gandul.info, 02.02.2012, available at: http://www.gandul.info/news/recensamantul-populatiei-primele-rezultate-cati-romani-sunt-cati-etnici-maghiari-si-cat-de-mare-este-minoritatea-roma-9200308 (Accessed on 13.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
- National minorities
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Roma & Travellers' population
Statistical data from the 2002 census shows that out of Romania's total polulation of 21,680,974 the Roma minority accounted for 535,140 persons (2,5%). [1] Provisional results of the 2011 census show that Roma people represent 3.2% (619,007 of persons) of the total population (19,042,936). [2] According to unofficial estimations the number of the Roma population ranges between 1 and 2,5 million of people.
Number 619007 % of country population 3.2 Official or estimates OfficialQualitative Info
The Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing centralized the information on the number of stable population and housing at national level and issued a press release about the results of the 2011 census on February 2nd, 2012. The results obtained and processed to this stage are provisional and may change during subsequent stages of processing individual data from the registration forms of people in households and housing. [2]
Source:
[1] National Institute of Statistics: http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol4/tabele/t1.pdf, page 1 (19.02.2012.)
[2] National Institute of Statistics, Central Commission for Census of Population and Housing, Press Release: http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011_.pdf (19.02.2012.)
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
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Muslims
Number 67257 % of country population 0.31 Official or estimates Official
Qualitative Info
Data from the 2002 official census shows that, out of the total population of 21,680,974 persons, 67,257 persons declared to belong to the Muslim religion. [1] The results of the 2011 census are not yet available.
Source:
[1] National Institute of Statistics: http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol4/tabele/t5.pdf, page 1(Accessed on 19.02.2012.)
Groups affected/interested
- Muslims
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Asylum status granted
73 persons were granted refugee status in 2011
Qualitative Info
According to Eurostat data, for the second quarter of 2011, of 190 first instance decisions, in 10 of them refugee status was granted, in 5 of them subsidiary protection was granted and 175 were rejections.
According to the Romanian Immigration Office, 73 persons were granted asylum in 2011.
Source:
Eurostat, Statistics in focus 11/2012; Alexandros Bitoulas, Asylum applicants and first instance decisions on asylum applications: second quarter 2011, p. 12, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-011/EN/KS-SF-12-011-EN.PDF (Date of access: 13.03.2012)
Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 from the Romanian Immigration Office to the Centre for Legal Resources (on file with the expert)
Groups affected/interested
- Refugees
- Asylum seekers
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Subsidiary protection status granted
35 persons received subsidiary protection during 2011.
Number 35Qualitative Info
According to Eurostat data, for the second quarter of 2011, of 190 first instance decisions, in 10 of them refugee status was granted, in 5 of them subsidiary protection was granted and 175 were rejections.
According to Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 of the Romanian Office for Immigration to the Centre for Legal Resources, 35 persons received subsidiary protection during 2011.
Source:
Eurostat, Statistics in focus 11/2012; Alexandros Bitoulas, Asylum applicants and first instance decisions on asylum applications: second quarter 2011, p. 12, available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-011/EN/KS-SF-12-011-EN.PDF (Date of access: 13.03.2012)
Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 of the Romanian Office for Immigration to the Centre for Legal Resources
Groups affected/interested
- Asylum seekers
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Unaccompanied minors inflow
49 declared, 33 for which it was established that they are minors
Qualitative Info
The Romanian Office for Immigation reports having registered 49 minors "who declare themselves being unaccompanied" who requested a form of protection in Romania in 2011. In a reply to a request for public information asking how many unaccompanied minors were registered as having enterred Romania in 2011, the ROI replied that 33 unaccompanied minors have asked for a form of protection (from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Somalia). Further clarification as to the registered difference was requested.
Thus, according to Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 from the Romanian Office for Immigration to the Centre for Legal Resources, the data communicated directly by the ROI, that is 33, represents the foreigners for which it was established that they are unaccompanied minors following a legal procedure of establishment of the age of the asylum seeker, following the analysis of the particularities of each foreigner.
Address 2474295/21.03.2012 mentions that according to Art 41 of the asylum law (122/2006) which establishes the procedure of establishment of the age of the minor asylum seeker, where the minor declares herself/himself as being minor and there is no serious doubt as to her/his age, the person shall be considered a minor. On the other hand, where the unaccompanied minor cannot prove her/his age and there is serious doubt as to the person being a minor, the Romanian Immigration Office asks for a medical-legal expertise to evaluate the age of the asylum seeker. Also, where the asylum seeker and/or her/his legal representative refuse this expertise and no conclusive evidence as to the age is brought, the asylum seeker will be considered of age.
The Romanian Office for Immigration also mentions that during the asylum procedure the asylum seeker can revisit the initial declarations as to her/his age when submitting the asylum request, thus exercising the right to intervene on the personal data.
Sources:
Romanian Immigration Office, Press release, 13.02.2012, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/comunicate/citeste/ro/347/Analiza-activitii-desfurate-de-Oficiul-Romn-pentru-Imigrri-n-anul-2011 (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Address No. 2474176/08.03.2012 from the Romanian Immigration Office to the Centre for Legal Resources (on file with the expert)
Address No. 2474295/21.03.2012 from the Romanian Immigration Office to the Centre for Legal Resources (on file with the expert)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
- Asylum seekers
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Trafficking victims identified/protected
488 (for the first semester of 2011).
Qualitative Info
The National Agency Against Trafficking of Persons (Agenţia Naţională Împotriva Traficului de Persoane) records data about trafficking. In its latest report, the Agency reports that in the first semester of 2011, 488 victims of trafficking were identified (341 women and 147 men). This represents 29% more than the numbers registered the previous year, for the same period of time.
Source:
National Agency Against Trafficking of Persons (Agenţia Naţională Împotriva Traficului de Persoane), Analysis on the situation of victims identified in the first semester 2011, p.3, available at http://anitp.mai.gov.ro/ro/docs/studii/Evaluarea%20semestriala%202011.pdf (Accessed on 14.02.2012).
External Url http://anitp.mai.gov.ro/ro/docs/studii/Evaluarea%20semestriala%202011.pdf
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Primary education population of foreign pupils
No publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Secondary education population of foreign pupils
No publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Tertiary education migrant background population
No publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Total of pupils of migrants parents/background in schools (automatically or by hand if no data on previous lines)
No publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Primary education population of pupils with Roma parents
No official publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Secondary education population of pupils with Roma parents
No official publicly available data could be found.
Qualitative Info
A sociological study under the aegis of the Romanian Government from 2008, concluded that only 9 per cent of young Roma adults had graduated high-school as opposed to 41 per cent of the non-Roma young adults.
Source:
Gabor Fleck and Cosima Righinis (eds.), Come closer. Inclusion and Exclusion of Roma in Present Day Romanian Sociaety, 2008, p. 176, available at: http://unibuc.academia.edu/CosimaRughinis/Papers/235026/Come_Closer._Inclusion_and_Exclusion_of_Roma_In_Present_Day_Romanian_Society (Date of access: 13.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Tertiary education Roma minority population
No official, publicly available data could be found.
Qualitative Info
A sociological study under the aegis of the Romanian Government from 2008, concluded that only 2 per cent of young Roma adults had graduated university as opposed to 27 per cent of the non-Roma young adults.
Source:
Gabor Fleck and Cosima Righinis (eds.), Come closer. Inclusion and Exclusion of Roma in Present Day Romanian Society, 2008, p. 176, available at: http://unibuc.academia.edu/CosimaRughinis/Papers/235026/Come_Closer._Inclusion_and_Exclusion_of_Roma_In_Present_Day_Romanian_Society (Date of access: 13.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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Total of pupils of Roma parents in schools
No official, publicly available data could be found.
Groups affected/interested
- Roma & Travelers
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Education
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General Population
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Migration & Minority Economics
Depending on the type of worker, the employer pays 50 or 200 Euro for the work authorization. The employee pays approx 180 euro for the stay permit after entering the country. There is no study on migration economics, the number of migrants for labour purposes being insignificant at country level. Some calculations have been made as to how much Romania misses from non-inclusion of the Roma minority (between 1,089 and 3,655 million euro from both economic and fiscal gains).
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European Refugee Fund yearly allocation
Qualitative Info
For 2011 EUR972,786.69 (744,465,02 Community Cotribution, 189,390.75 Public allocation, 38,930.92 Private allocation)
Source:
Romanian Immigration Office, ERF Annual Programme 2011, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfilesfile/Proiecte-Strategii/ERF_PA2011engl.doc (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Refugees
External Url http://ori.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfilesfile/Proiecte-Strategii/ERF_PA2011engl.doc
See other countriesSee indicator history -
European Integration Fund yearly allocation
Qualitative Info
For 2011 EUR1,515,040.59 (1,155,030.44 - Community Contribution, 288,088.12 - Public Allocation, 72,002.03 - Private Allocation)
Source:
Romanian Immigration Office, Annual Programme - Ruropean Fund for Integration of Third Country Nationals, Romania, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Fondul-European-pentru-Integrare/182 (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Fondul-European-pentru-Integrare/182
See other countriesSee indicator history -
European Return Fund yearly allocation
Qualitative Info
In 2011 EUR2,054,002.07 (1,560,501.55 EU contribution, 450,059.87 Public Allocation, 43,440,65 Private Allocation)
Source:
Romanian immigration Office, Annual Programme European Return Fund Romania 2011, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfilesfile/Proiecte-Strategii/PA_RF2011.doc (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://ori.mai.gov.ro/api/media/userfilesfile/Proiecte-Strategii/PA_RF2011.doc
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Cost/fees for 1 year residence/work permit
Depending on the type of worker, the employer pays 50 or 200 Euro for the work authorization
The employee pays approx 180 euro for the stay permit after entering the country
Qualitative Info
The employer pays EUR200/EUR50 for obtaining the work authorization, depending on the type of work relations with the employee.
The employee pays for the stay permit which has to be obtained after entering the Romanian territory, the following taxes:
Consular fee: EUR120
Work authorization issuance: RON260 (EUR60)
Source:
Webpage of the Romanian Immigration Office, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Munca/73 (12.01.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Munca/73
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Cost/fees for Long term / permanent Residence permit
Qualitative Info
Costs with filing the application:
Registration fee: RON3 (EUR0.69)
Stamp: RON4 (EUR0.93)
Costs with issuance of the permanent residence permit:
Approval fee: RON124.5 (EUR28) (this is not paid by the applicants who are family members of a Romanian citizen)
Registration fee: RON 3 (EUR0.69)
Issuance fee: RON240 (EUR55)
Stamp: RON 4 (EUR0.93)
Source:
Romanian immigration Office webpage, Information on Permanent Residence, available at: http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Rezidenta-permanenta/79 (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
External Url http://ori.mai.gov.ro/detalii/pagina/ro/Rezidenta-permanenta/79
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Cost/fees for Citizenship acquisition application
. 44.03
Qualitative Info
Consular fee: RON187.5 (EUR 43)
Registration fee: RON3 (EUR 0.69)
Stamp: RON1.5 (EUR 0.34)
Source:
Romanian Ministry of Justice webpage, Information on documents and taxes necessary for submitting the citizenship application: http://www.just.ro/Sections/PrimaPagina_MeniuDreapta/TotuldespreCet%C4%83%C5%A3enie/Cet%C4%83%C5%A3enie/art8/tabid/591/Default.aspx (Accessed on 02.03.2012)
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
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European Refugee Fund yearly allocation