Greece
There is no official data on racist/hate crimes. In the i-RED Database on Racist Violence, 267 cases have been reported from 2007 to 2012. Only two cases of hate speech have been brought to the court.
In 2009, out of 54 complaints on discrimination brought to the Equality Body, discrimination was attested in 40 cases, of which 22 fell within the scope of anti-discrimination Law; in 8 of them there was compliance-settlement, in 3 there was no compliance and 29 are pending.
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Racist violence - Hate Speech Statistics
There is no official data kept by competent authorities. Nevertheless, several cases of racist/hate crimes have been reported in i-RED database on Racist Violence starting in 2007, among which 17 cases included killings.
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Overall numbers of racist & hate crime
No official data available. 267 cases from 2007 to 2012 have been reported at the i-RED Database on Racist Violence.
Numbers of cases 142 Official or estimates Estimates Exemplary cases http://www.red-network.eu/admin-red-items?id=79; http://www.red-network.eu/admin-red-items?id=581Qualitative Info
Categories of Incidents of Racist and Hate Crime
Incident Type*
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
Violence against the person
18
19
22
24
24
15
122
Violence against property
3
1
6
4
11
25
Verbal threats - hate speech
6
2
1
5
8
4
26
Abusive behaviour - harassment
2
4
4
2
1
13
Racist, xenophobic publications
1
3
4
Extremist offences
4
1
9
28
14
13
69
Police profiling
8
8
Total
33
27
42
64
58
43
267
* Table consists of unofficial national data monitored by i-RED. Data is published in RAXEN Thematic Study: Racist and related hate crimes in the EU - Greece (Data up to June 2010) and the RED Network Early Warning System.
Source:
- Pavlou M. - Prearis K. (HLHR-KEMO/i-RED), 2010, RAXEN Thematic Study: Racist and related hate crimes in the EU - Greece, http://www.red-network.eu/?i=red-network.en.library.195, Accessed on 24.2.2013.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Roma & Travelers
- Religious minorities
- Asylum seekers
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
Type (R/D)
- Extremism - organised Racist Violence
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
- Anti-semitism
- Islamophobia
- Anti-roma/zinghanophobia
- Religious intolerance
- Homophobia
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Daily life
External Url http://www.i-red.eu/resources/publications-files/raxen-ts-2010_racist-hate-crimes-in-greece.pdf
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Deaths/killings
17 deaths have been reported from 2007 to 2012 according to the relevant RAXEN Thematic Study, among which 3 deaths in 2012.
Numbers of cases 3 Official or estimates EstimatesQualitative Info
As it can be seen in the table below including Racist Crime Types that have occurred from 2007 to 2012, 17 deaths have been reported among racist/hate crimes:
Crime Type*
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
arson
1
2
3
9
7
22
abuse
2
4
4
1
2
13
rape
1
1
2
murder
1
3
3
3
4
3
17
beating
13
12
22
24
22
18
111
bodily harm
9
5
6
12
9
7
48
hate speech
7
2
3
10
8
6
36
theft
1
1
2
7
2
13
exploitation
1
1
damage property
3
1
5
8
8
7
32
Total
37
31
48
75
61
43
295
* Table consists of unofficial national data monitored by i-RED. Data is published in RAXEN Thematic Study: Racist and related hate crimes in the EU - Greece (Data up to June 2010) and the RED Network Early Warning System.
Source:
- Pavlou M. - Prearis K. (HLHR-KEMO/i-RED), 2010, RAXEN Thematic Study: Racist and related hate crimes in the EU - Greece, http://www.red-network.eu/?i=red-network.en.library.195, Accessed on 24.2.2013.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
Type (R/D)
- Extremism - organised Racist Violence
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Daily life
External Url http://www.i-red.eu/resources/publications-files/raxen-ts-2010_racist-hate-crimes-in-greece.pdf
See other countriesSee indicator history -
Court cases on racist - hate crime
No official data available.
Numbers of cases 2 Official or estimates Estimates Exemplary cases ‘Apollonio Fos’ anti-Semitic hate speech, 2010; Plevris anti-Semitic hate speech acquittal in appeal, 2009Groups affected/interested
- Religious minorities
Type (R/D)
- Anti-semitism
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Anti-racism
External Url http://www.i-red.eu/?i=institute.en.publications.210
See other countriesSee indicator history
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Overall numbers of racist & hate crime
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Discrimination Statistics
The number of complaints received by the Equality Body is considered to be much lower than expected. Greece has been in numerous cases called from the European Court of Human Rights and other EU and international bodies to conform to international legal requirements for the respect of human rights.
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Complaints regarding ethnic discrimination received by Equality Body/Agency/Court
The most recent available data is for the year 2010.
Numbers of cases 28Qualitative Info
The Ombudsman received in 2010, 28 complaints, one of which was concerning discrimination on the grounds of ethnic origin, 18 on the grounds of racial origin, 8 on the grounds of disability, and one on the grounds of age.
During the same year, the Ombudsman investigated 58 inquiries, of which: 2 on the grounds of ethnic origin, 36 on the grounds of racial origin, 14 on the grounds of disability, and one on the grounds of age.
Source: The Greek Ombudsman, Promoting Equal Treatment - The Greek Ombudsman as Natrional Equality Body, Annual Report 2010.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
- Roma & Travelers
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disability
Type (R/D)
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
- Anti-roma/zinghanophobia
- On grounds of disability
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
- Employment - labour market
- Housing
- Health and social protection
- Anti-discrimination
External Url http://new.synigoros.gr/resources/eidikh-ethsia-ek8esh-2010.pdf
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Number of cases where ethnic discrimination was found/established by Equality Body/Agency/Court
Most recent data available concern the year 2010.
In a total of 53 inquieries examined (2 - ethnic origin; 36 - racial origin; 14 - disability; 1 - age), discrimination was established in 44 cases (1 - ethnic origin; 36 - racial origin; 6 - disability; 1 - age).
Numbers of cases 44Qualitative Info
Most recent data available concern the year 2010.
In a total of 53 inquieries examined (2 - ethnic origin; 36 - racial origin; 14 - disability; 1 - age), discrimination was established in 44 cases (1 - ethnic origin; 36 - racial origin; 6 - disability; 1 - age).
Source:
- The Greek Ombudsman, Promoting Equal Treatment - The Greek Ombudsman as Natrional Equality Body, Annual Report 2010.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Roma & Travelers
- Persons with disability
Type (R/D)
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
- Anti-roma/zinghanophobia
- On grounds of disability
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
- Employment - labour market
- Health and social protection
- Anti-discrimination
External Url http://new.synigoros.gr/resources/eidikh-ethsia-ek8esh-2010.pdf
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Cases solved / corrected / settled
The most recent available data concern the year 2009, according to which 8 cases were settled.
Numbers of cases 8Qualitative Info
The outcome of the cases received by the Equality Body is presented in the following table:
Source:
- The Greek Ombudsman, Promoting Equal Treatment - The Greek Ombudsman as Natrional Equality Body, Annual Report 2009.
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Roma & Travelers
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
- Persons with disability
Type (R/D)
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
- Anti-roma/zinghanophobia
- Homophobia
- On grounds of disability
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
- Employment - labour market
- Housing
- Health and social protection
- Anti-discrimination
External Url http://www.synigoros.gr/diakriseis/pdfs_01/equal_treatment_2009.pdf
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Sanctions imposed / compensations / awards attributed-received
Not applicable.
See other countriesSee indicator historyKey socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Anti-discrimination
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ECtHR cases - decisions art.14 etc.
Most recent data concerns 2011. In 2011, there was one decision according to art. 14 in a total of 73 judgments, among which in 69 at least one violation was found.
Numbers of cases 1Qualitative Info
Most recent data concerns 2011. In 2011, there was one decision according to art. 14 in a total of 73 judgments, among which in 69 at least one violation was found.
Source:
- European Court of Human Rights, Violations by Article and by State, http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/596C7B5C-3FFB-4874-85D8-F12E8F67C136/0/TABLEAU_VIOLATIONS_EN_2011.pdf, Accessed on 24.2.2013.
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Anti-discrimination
External Url http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/596C7B5C-3FFB-4874-85D8-F12E8F67C136/0/TABLEAU_VIOLATIONS_EN_2011.pdf
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Cases - investigations before other EU and international bodies (European Committee for Social Rights - UN HRC - CAT etc.)
Several cases.
Qualitative Info
There have been several cases brought to/from EU and international bodies/institutions, such as the Council of Europe, the World Organisation against Torture (OMCT), the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE), the European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC), the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Housing, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network, the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders, the European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE), the International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights (INTERIGHTS) and others.
From 2007 to 2011, the Balkan Human Rights Watch of the Greek Helsinki Monitor, 74 cases related to racism/discrimination have been reported.
2011: 7
2010: 20
2009: 25
2008: 11
2007: 11
Groups affected/interested
- Migrants
- Refugees
- Roma & Travelers
- Muslims
- Ethnic minorities
- Religious minorities
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
Type (R/D)
- Extremism - organised Racist Violence
- Anti-migrant/xenophobia
- Anti-semitism
- Islamophobia
- Anti-roma/zinghanophobia
- Religious intolerance
- Homophobia
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Policing - law enforcement
- Housing
- Education
- Media
- Political discourse -parties - orgs
- Daily life
- Religion
External Url http://cm.greekhelsinki.gr/index.php?sec=194&ctg=202
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Decisions-Infringment procedures initiated before the European Court of Justice
During the years 2006-2010, there were in 96 cases on violations of the Greek state, but no cases concerning migrant and minority freedoms and rights.
Qualitative Info
During the years 2006-2010, there were in 96 cases on violations of the Greek state, but no cases concerning migrant and minority freedoms and rights.
Key socio-economic / Institutional Areas
- Anti-discrimination
External Url http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2011-05/ra2010_version_integrale_el.pdf
See other countriesSee indicator history
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Complaints regarding ethnic discrimination received by Equality Body/Agency/Court
